Mean anomaly M in degrees
Orbital eccentricity e (0 ≤ e < 1 for ellipse)
Eccentric anomaly E in degrees
Uses Newton-Raphson iteration: E_{n+1} = E_n - (E_n - e·sin(E_n) - M) / (1 - e·cos(E_n))
Convergence is typically achieved in 3-5 iterations for planetary eccentricities (all < 0.25 except Pluto at ~0.25).
Solves Kepler's equation for eccentric anomaly.